Matter

Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation

Aliases: Hulley Enterprises Ltd. v Russian Federation · PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226

Case no.: PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226
Seat: Netherlands
Applicable rules: UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976
Substantive governing law: Energy Charter Treaty, signed at Lisbon on 17 December 1994
Commencement year: 2005

30 November 2009Netherlands
30 November 2009Netherlands
Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility of the PCA Tribunal dated 30 November 2009
Award no.
PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226
Decision summary
The tribunal rejected specified jurisdiction and admissibility objections, deferred identified issues to the merits, and reserved costs.
Supporting details
17 authorities · 5 participants
Hulley Enterprises Limited
Russian Federation
Institution
Arbitrator
L. Yves Fortier
Arbitrator
Charles Poncet
Arbitrator
Stephen M. Schwebel
Authorities cited
17
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 1(6), 1(7), 10, 13, 17, 21, 26 and 45
  treaty
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331; Articles 25, 31 and 32
  treaty
- UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976; UN General Assembly Resolution 31/98; Articles 6(3), 7(3), 11 and 12
  rules
- Saunders v Vautier ((1841) 41 ER 482 (Ch))
  case
- Buschau and National Trust Company v Rogers Communications Inc. ([2006] 1 SCR 973, 2006 SCC 28)
  case
- Ioannis Kardassopoulos v Georgia (ICSID Case No. ARB/05/18, Decision on Jurisdiction, 6 July 2007, paragraph 228)
  case
- North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany/Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands) (Judgment, 20 February 1969, ICJ Reports 1969, page 3, paragraph 30, page 26)
  case
- Plama Consortium Limited v Republic of Bulgaria (ICSID Case No. ARB/03/24, Decision on Jurisdiction, 8 February 2005, (2005) 20(1) ICSID Review 262, paragraphs 128 and 148)
  case
- Petrobart Limited v Kyrgyz Republic (SCC Arbitration No. 126/2003, Award, 29 March 2005)
  case
- Saluka Investments B.V. v Czech Republic (UNCITRAL, Partial Award, 17 March 2006)
  case
- Tokios Tokeles v Ukraine (ICSID Case No. ARB/02/18, Decision on Jurisdiction, 29 April 2004, paragraphs 28-29; dissent of Prosper Weil also identified)
  case
- Acquisition of Polish Nationality (Advisory Opinion, 1923, PCIJ Series B No. 7, page 20)
  case
- The Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewen v United States of America (ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/98/3, Award, 26 June 2003, 42 ILM 811, 7 ICSID Reports 442, paragraph 225)
  case
- Occidental Exploration and Production Company v Republic of Ecuador (LCIA Case No. UN3467, Final Award, 1 July 2004)
  case
- CMS Gas Transmission Company v Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Decision on Jurisdiction)
  case
- Constitution of the Russian Federation
  statute
- Federal Law on International Treaties of the Russian Federation
  statute
PCA Interim Award
4 years, 7 months and 18 days later · 1691 days
18 July 2014Netherlands
18 July 2014Netherlands
Final Award of the PCA Tribunal dated 18 July 2014
Award no.
PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226
Decision summary
The tribunal found a breach of Energy Charter Treaty Article 13(1) and awarded Hulley USD 39,971,834,360 in damages, EUR 3,388,197 in arbitration costs, and USD 47,946,190 toward legal representation and assistance, with post-award interest.
Supporting details
80 authorities · 5 participants
Hulley Enterprises Limited
Russian Federation
Institution
Arbitrator
L. Yves Fortier
Arbitrator
Charles Poncet
Arbitrator
Stephen M. Schwebel
Authorities cited
80
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 10(1), 13(1), 21, 21(5)(b)(i) and 26(3)(b)(i)
  treaty
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331
  treaty
- UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976; Articles 38-40
  rules
- Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with commentaries; International Law Commission, 2001; Articles 4, 5, 8, 31, 36 and 39
  international-law
- Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
  treaty
- Protocol No. 1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
  treaty
- OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Yukos v Russia (ECtHR Application No. 14902/04, Judgment, 20 September 2011)
  case
- Khodorkovskiy and Lebedev v Russia (ECtHR Applications Nos. 11082/06 and 13772/05, Judgment, 25 July 2013)
  case
- Berezovsky v Abramovich (Judgment, 31 August 2012, paragraphs 485-486)
  case
- RosInvestCo UK Ltd v Russian Federation (SCC Arbitration V (079/2005), Final Award, 12 September 2010)
  case
- Quasar de Valores SICAV S.A. and others v Russian Federation (SCC, Award, 20 July 2012)
  case
- Criminal proceedings against R. (Court of Justice, Case C-285/09, Judgment, 7 December 2010, paragraphs 22, 45 and 51)
  case
- Kotov v Russia (ECtHR Application No. 54522/00, Grand Chamber Judgment, 3 April 2012, paragraphs 99-107)
  case
- Khodorkovskiy v Russia (ECtHR Judgment, 31 May 2011, paragraphs 193-195)
  case
- Aleksanyan v Russia (ECtHR Application No. 46468/06, Judgment, 22 December 2008)
  case
- Chevron Corporation and Texaco Petroleum Company v Republic of Ecuador (PCA Case No. 2009-23, Third Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 27 February 2012, paragraph 4.76)
  case
- MIL (Investments) S.A. v Canada ([2006] 5 CTC 2552, Tax Court of Canada; affirmed on appeal)
  case
- Plama Consortium Limited v Republic of Bulgaria (ICSID ARB/03/24, Award, 27 August 2008, paragraph 253)
  case
- Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia) (ICJ Reports 1997, page 7, Judgment, 25 September 1997, paragraph 133)
  case
- Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (Belgium v Spain), Second Phase (ICJ Reports 1970, page 3, Judgment, 5 February 1970, paragraph 56; Tanaka separate opinion also identified)
  case
- Gustav F. W. Hamester GmbH & Co KG v Republic of Ghana (ICSID ARB/07/24, Award, 18 June 2010; paragraph 179 in attribution discussion)
  case
- Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v Republic of the Philippines (ICSID ARB/03/25, Award, 16 August 2007)
  case
- Alasdair Ross Anderson and others v Republic of Costa Rica (ICSID ARB(AF)/07/3, Award, 19 May 2010)
  case
- Saba Fakes v Republic of Turkey (ICSID ARB/07/20, Award, 17 July 2010)
  case
- Inceysa Vallisoletana, S.L. v Republic of El Salvador (ICSID ARB/03/26, Award, 2 August 2006)
  case
- Diversion of Water from the Meuse (Netherlands v Belgium) (PCIJ Series A/B No. 70, Judgment, 28 June 1937; Hudson individual opinion, pages 73 and 77)
  case
- Application of the Interim Accord of 13 December 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v Greece) (ICJ Reports 2011, page 695, Judgment, 5 December 2011; Simma separate opinion, paragraphs 19-20)
  case
- Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America) (ICJ Reports 1986, page 259, merits, 27 June 1986; Schwebel dissent, paragraph 268)
  case
- Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Denmark v Norway) (PCIJ Series A/B No. 53, Judgment, 5 April 1933; Anzilotti dissent, pages 76 and 95)
  case
- Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, Second Phase (Advisory Opinion, 18 July 1950; Read dissent)
  case
- Duke Energy Electroquil Partners and Electroquil S.A. v Republic of Ecuador (ICSID ARB/04/19, Award, 18 August 2008, paragraphs 188, 340, 473)
  case
- EnCana Corporation v Republic of Ecuador (LCIA UN3481, UNCITRAL, Award, 3 February 2006, paragraphs 168 and 142(1))
  case
- El Paso Energy International Company v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/03/15, Award, 31 October 2011, paragraphs 449 and 519)
  case
- Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v Canada) (ICJ Reports 1998, page 460, Judgment, 4 December 1998, paragraphs 66-68)
  case
- Certain Norwegian Loans (France v Norway) (ICJ Reports 1957, page 9, Judgment, 6 July 1957; Lauterpacht separate opinion, pages 34 and 39)
  case
- Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v Republic of Ecuador (Decision on Jurisdiction, 9 September 2008, paragraph 94; Award, 5 October 2012, paragraphs 659-687)
  case
- BG Group Plc v Argentine Republic (UNCITRAL, Award, 24 December 2007, paragraph 147)
  case
- Ambiente Ufficio S.p.A. and others v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/08/9, Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 8 February 2013, paragraph 607)
  case
- Burlington Resources Inc. v Republic of Ecuador (ICSID ARB/08/5, Decision on Jurisdiction, 2 June 2010, paragraphs 175 and 207)
  case
- Jan Oostergetel and Theodora Laurentius v Slovak Republic (UNCITRAL, Final Award, 23 April 2012, paragraph 155)
  case
- Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID ARB/04/13, Award, 6 November 2008, paragraph 173)
  case
- White Industries Australia Limited v Republic of India (UNCITRAL, Award, 30 November 2011, paragraphs 8.1.10 and 8.1.18)
  case
- MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile S.A. v Republic of Chile (ICSID ARB/01/7, Award, 25 May 2004, paragraphs 109, 242-243, 251; Decision on Annulment, 21 March 2007, paragraph 101)
  case
- Saluka Investments B.V. v Czech Republic (UNCITRAL, Partial Award, 17 March 2006, paragraphs 301-303 and 460)
  case
- Azurix Corp. v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/01/12, Award, 14 July 2006, paragraphs 360-361 and 372)
  case
- National Grid P.L.C. v Argentine Republic (UNCITRAL, Award, 3 November 2008, paragraphs 173 and 198)
  case
- Waguih Elie George Siag and Clorinda Vecchi v Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID ARB/05/15, Award, 1 June 2009, paragraphs 452 and 624)
  case
- CMS Gas Transmission Company v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/01/8, Award, 12 May 2005)
  case
- Biwater Gauff (Tanzania) Ltd v United Republic of Tanzania (ICSID ARB/05/22, Award and Gary Born concurring/dissenting opinion, 24 July 2008; paragraph 692 identified in the citation)
  case
- Mohammad Ammar Al-Bahloul v Republic of Tajikistan (SCC V064/2008, Partial Award on Jurisdiction and Liability, 2 September 2009, paragraph 248)
  case
- LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Corp. and LG&E International Inc. v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/02/1, Decision on Liability, 3 October 2006, paragraphs 147-148)
  case
- Ronald S. Lauder v Czech Republic (UNCITRAL, Final Award, 3 September 2001, paragraphs 296-297)
  case
- Alex Genin, Eastern Credit Limited, Inc. and A.S. Baltoil v Republic of Estonia (ICSID ARB/99/2, Award, 25 June 2001, 17 ICSID Review 395, paragraph 367)
  case
- AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Eromu Kft v Republic of Hungary (ICSID ARB/07/22, Award, 23 September 2010, paragraph 9.3.40)
  case
- B. E. Chattin (United States) v United Mexican States (U.S.-Mexico General Claims Commission, 23 July 1927, 4 RIAA 282, 295, paragraph 29)
  case
- Limited Liability Company AMTO v Ukraine (SCC 080/2005, Final Award, 26 March 2008, paragraph 76)
  case
- Metalclad Corporation v United Mexican States (ICSID ARB(AF)/97/1, Award, 30 August 2000, paragraphs 103 and 128)
  case
- Compania de Aguas del Aconquija S.A. and Vivendi Universal S.A. v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/97/3, Award, 20 August 2007, paragraphs 7.5.20 and 9.2.3)
  case
- Liberian Eastern Timber Corporation v Republic of Liberia (ICSID ARB/83/2, Award, 31 March 1986)
  case
- Walter Fletcher Smith (United States v Cuba) (Award, 2 May 1929, 2 RIAA 917-918)
  case
- BP Exploration Company (Libya) Limited v Government of the Libyan Arab Republic (Merits Award, 10 October 1973, 53 ILR 297, 329)
  case
- ADC Affiliate Limited and ADC & ADMC Management Limited v Republic of Hungary (ICSID ARB/03/16, Award, 2 October 2006; paragraphs 533 and 535 in costs discussion)
  case
- Nations Energy, Inc. and others v Republic of Panama (ICSID ARB/06/19, Award, 24 November 2010, paragraphs 682-683)
  case
- Fireman's Fund Insurance Company v United Mexican States (ICSID ARB(AF)/02/1, Award, 17 July 2006, paragraph 208)
  case
- Corn Products International, Inc. v United Mexican States (ICSID ARB(AF)/04/1, Decision on Responsibility, 15 January 2008, paragraph 90)
  case
- Otis Elevator Company v Iran (Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, Case No. 284, Award, 29 April 1987, 14 Iran-U.S. CTR 28, paragraph 47)
  case
- Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (United States of America v Italy) (ICJ Judgment, 20 July 1989, paragraph 119)
  case
- International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v United Mexican States (UNCITRAL, Award, 26 January 2006, paragraph 208)
  case
- Factory at Chorzow (Germany v Poland) (Jurisdiction, 26 July 1927, PCIJ Series A No. 9, page 21; Merits, 13 September 1928, Series A No. 17, page 47)
  case
- EDF International S.A. and others v Argentine Republic (ICSID ARB/03/23, Award, 11 June 2012, paragraph 1301)
  case
- Middle East Cement Shipping and Handling Co. S.A. v Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID ARB/99/6, Award, 12 April 2002)
  case
- AIG Capital Partners, Inc. and another v Republic of Kazakhstan (ICSID ARB/01/6, Award, 7 October 2003)
  case
- Iurii Bogdanov, Agurdino-Invest Ltd. and Agurdino-Chimia JSC v Republic of Moldova (SCC Rules, Award, 22 September 2005)
  case
- Antoine Goetz and others and S.A. Affinage des Metaux v Republic of Burundi (ICSID ARB/01/2, Award, 21 June 2012)
  case
- Wena Hotels Limited v Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID ARB/98/4, Award, 8 December 2000, paragraph 129)
  case
- Nykomb Synergetics Technology Holding AB v Republic of Latvia (SCC, Award, 16 December 2003, page 40)
  case
- Sylvania Technical Systems, Inc. v Iran (Award, 27 June 1985, 8 Iran-U.S. CTR 298, 320)
  case
- Alpha Projektholding GmbH v Ukraine (ICSID ARB/07/16, Award, 8 November 2010, paragraph 514 and note 666)
  case
- Pope & Talbot Inc. v Government of Canada (UNCITRAL, Award on the Merits of Phase 2, paragraph 181)
  case
- Deutsche Bank AG v Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ICSID ARB/09/2, Award, 31 October 2012, paragraph 588)
  case
PCA Final Award
1 year, 9 months and 2 days later · 642 days
20 April 2016Netherlands
20 April 2016Netherlands
Judgment of District Court of The Hague dated 20 April 2016
District Court of The Hague
Decision summary
Set aside the interim and final awards for absence of a valid arbitration agreement under its interpretation of ECT provisional application. Later reversed.
Supporting details
6 authorities
District Court of The Hague
Authorities cited
6
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 26 and 45(1)
  treaty
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331; Articles 25 and 31-32
  treaty
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Article 1065(1)(a)
  statute
- Constitution of the Russian Federation
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
5 months and 10 days later · 163 days
30 September 2016United States
30 September 2016United States
Memorandum opinion of United States District Court for the District of Columbia dated 30 September 2016
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Decision summary
Stay granted; jurisdiction could remain undecided while the court considered this threshold case-management step.
Supporting details
28 authorities
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Authorities cited
28
- Landis v North American Co. (299 U.S. 248, 254-255 (1936))
  case
- Enelow v New York Life Insurance Co. (293 U.S. 379, 382 (1935))
  case
- Ryan v Gonzales (133 S. Ct. 696, 708 (2013))
  case
- Schriro v Landrigan (550 U.S. 465, 473 (2007).)
  case
- Air Line Pilots Association v Miller (523 U.S. 866, 879 note 6 (1998))
  case
- Leyva v Certified Grocers of California, Ltd. (593 F.2d 857, 863 (9th Cir. 1979))
  case
- Belize Social Development Ltd. v Government of Belize (668 F.3d 724, 732 (D.C. Cir. 2012).)
  case
- Sinochem International Co. v Malaysia International Shipping Corp. (549 U.S. 422, 431-433 (2007))
  case
- Public Citizen v United States District Court for the District of Columbia (486 F.3d 1342, 1348 (D.C. Cir. 2007))
  case
- Seneca Nation of Indians v United States Department of Health and Human Services (144 F. Supp. 3d 115, 118-119 (D.D.C. 2015).)
  case
- Phoenix Consulting, Inc. v Republic of Angola (216 F.3d 36 (D.C. Cir. 2000))
  case
- Kilburn v Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (376 F.3d 1123, 1127 (D.C. Cir. 2004))
  case
- Practical Concepts, Inc. v Republic of Bolivia (811 F.2d 1543 (D.C. Cir. 1987).)
  case
- TermoRio S.A. E.S.P. v Electranta S.P. (487 F.3d 928, 937 (D.C. Cir. 2007))
  case
- Karaha Bodas Co. v Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Negara (364 F.3d 274, 287-288 (5th Cir. 2004), 335 F.3d 357, 364 (5th Cir. 2003), and 500 F.3d 111, 115 note 1, 124 (2d Cir. 2007))
  case
- First Investment Corp. v Fujian Mawei Shipbuilding, Ltd. (703 F.3d 742, 748-749 (5th Cir. 2012).)
  case
- Sarhank Group v Oracle Corp. (404 F.3d 657 (2d Cir. 2005))
  case
- Chevron Corp. v Republic of Ecuador (795 F.3d 200, 203-206 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Laker Airways Ltd. v Sabena, Belgian World Airlines (731 F.2d 909, 937 (D.C. Cir. 1984).)
  case
- Europcar Italia, S.p.A. v Maiellano Tours, Inc. (156 F.3d 310, 317 (2d Cir. 1998))
  case
- Gold Reserve, Inc. v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (146 F. Supp. 3d 112, 136 (D.D.C. 2015))
  case
- Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, B.V. v Consorcio Barr S.A. (377 F.3d 1164, 1172 (11th Cir. 2004))
  case
- G.E. Transportation S.P.A. v Republic of Albania (693 F. Supp. 2d 132, 138 (D.D.C. 2010))
  case
- Sumitomo Corp. v Parakopi Compania Maritima, S.A. (477 F. Supp. 737, 741-742 (S.D.N.Y. 1979))
  case
- Telcordia Technologies, Inc. v Telkom SA, Ltd. (95 F. App'x 361, 362-363 (D.C. Cir. 2004).)
  case
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3; Articles V and VI
  treaty
- United States Federal Arbitration Act; 9 USC Sections 201-208
  statute
- United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; 28 USC Section 1605(a)(6)
  statute
Official United States court record
1 year, 2 months and 9 days later · 435 days
9 December 2017United States
9 December 2017United States
Memorandum opinion of United States District Court for the District of Columbia dated 9 December 2017
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Decision summary
Reconsideration denied; privilege, burden, and crime-fraud arguments did not justify relief.
Supporting details
23 authorities
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Authorities cited
23
- Intel Corp. v Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (542 U.S. 241, 264-265 (2004))
  case
- Owen-Williams v BB&T Investment Services, Inc. (797 F. Supp. 2d 118, 121-122 (D.D.C. 2011))
  case
- Exxon Shipping Co. v Baker (554 U.S. 471, 485 note 5 (2008))
  case
- Cohen v Board of Trustees of the University of the District of Columbia (819 F.3d 476, 485 (D.C. Cir. 2016).)
  case
- District of Columbia v Doe (611 F.3d 888, 896 (D.C. Cir. 2010))
  case
- GSS Group Ltd. v National Port Authority (680 F.3d 805, 812 (D.C. Cir. 2012))
  case
- Ciralsky v Central Intelligence Agency (355 F.3d 661, 671 (D.C. Cir. 2004))
  case
- Firestone v Firestone (76 F.3d 1205, 1208 (D.C. Cir. 1996))
  case
- Mohammadi v Islamic Republic of Iran (782 F.3d 9, 17 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Anyanwutaku v Moore (151 F.3d 1053, 1057-1058 (D.C. Cir. 1998).)
  case
- Taitz v Obama (754 F. Supp. 2d 57, 58 (D.D.C. 2010))
  case
- Uberoi v Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (271 F. Supp. 2d 1, 2 (D.D.C. 2002))
  case
- Hall v Central Intelligence Agency (437 F.3d 94, 99 (D.C. Cir. 2006))
  case
- Dell Inc. v Decosta (233 F. Supp. 3d 1, 3-4 (D.D.C. 2017).)
  case
- Prism Technologies, LLC v Adobe Systems (No. 8:10CV220, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 131321, at *10-13 (D. Neb. 14 November 2011))
  case
- United States v Bouchard Transportation (No. 08-CV-4490, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 37438, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. 14 April 2010))
  case
- Ryan Investment Corp. v Pedregal de Cabo San Lucas (No. C 06-3219, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 118337, at *9 (N.D. Cal. 18 December 2009).)
  case
- Patton Boggs LLP v Chevron Corp. (683 F.3d 397, 403 (D.C. Cir. 2012))
  case
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v United States Department of Health and Human Services (226 F. Supp. 3d 39, 46-50 (D.D.C. 2017))
  case
- Upjohn Co. v United States (449 U.S. 383, 389 (1981))
  case
- Chevron Corp. v Weinberg Group (682 F.3d 96, 97 (D.C. Cir. 2012).)
  case
- United States Code, Title 28; Section 1782
  statute
- United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; Rules 59(e) and 60(b)
  rules
Official United States court record
9 months and 16 days later · 290 days
25 September 2018Netherlands
25 September 2018Netherlands
Judgment of Court of Appeal of The Hague dated 25 September 2018
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Decision summary
Addressed grounds and procedural limits of the set-aside appeal, including procedural fraud and document production; the treatment of fraud was later set aside in J21.
Supporting details
4 authorities
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Authorities cited
4
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Articles 1064, 1065 and 1068; Article 843a
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
1 year, 4 months and 24 days later · 511 days
18 February 2020Netherlands
18 February 2020Netherlands
Judgment of Court of Appeal of The Hague dated 18 February 2020
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Decision summary
Reversed the 2016 judgment and rejected Russia's set-aside claims. Later cassation preserved the principal jurisdiction conclusions but required consideration of the fraud ground.
Supporting details
8 authorities
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Authorities cited
8
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 1(6), 1(7), 13, 17, 21, 26 and 45
  treaty
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331
  treaty
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Article 1065
  statute
- Constitution of the Russian Federation
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2018:2476)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
7 months and 7 days later · 220 days
25 September 2020Netherlands
25 September 2020Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 25 September 2020
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Held that it could consider a stay/security request under former Article 1066 during cassation; not the subsequent merits ruling on that request.
Supporting details
1 authority
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
1
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Article 1066
  statute
Official Netherlands court record
1 month and 2 days later · 32 days
27 October 2020Netherlands
27 October 2020Netherlands
Judgment of District Court of The Hague dated 27 October 2020
District Court of The Hague
Decision summary
Granted relief against execution against the disputed rights. The later appellate disposition in J22 replaces its operative result.
Supporting details
3 authorities
District Court of The Hague
Authorities cited
3
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure
  statute
- Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property
  treaty
- Civil Code of the Russian Federation
  statute
Official Netherlands court record
24 days later · 24 days
20 November 2020United States
20 November 2020United States
Memorandum opinion of United States District Court for the District of Columbia dated 20 November 2020
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Decision summary
Further stay granted; security refused.
Supporting details
19 authorities
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Authorities cited
19
- Landis v North American Co. (299 U.S. 248, 254-255 (1936))
  case
- American Life Insurance Co. v Stewart (300 U.S. 203, 215 (1937))
  case
- Enelow v New York Life Insurance Co. (293 U.S. 379, 382 (1935))
  case
- Dietz v Bouldin (136 S. Ct. 1885, 1892-1893 (2016))
  case
- Bledsoe v Crowley (849 F.2d 639, 645 (D.C. Cir. 1988).)
  case
- Air Line Pilots Association v Miller (523 U.S. 866, 879 note 6 (1998))
  case
- Belize Social Development Ltd. v Government of Belize (668 F.3d 724, 733 (D.C. Cir. 2012))
  case
- Securities and Exchange Commission v Dresser Industries, Inc. (628 F.2d 1368, 1375 (D.C. Cir. 1980))
  case
- Europcar Italia, S.p.A. v Maiellano Tours, Inc. (156 F.3d 310, 317 (2d Cir. 1998))
  case
- King v Cessna Aircraft Co. (505 F.3d 1160, 1169 (11th Cir. 2007).)
  case
- Laker Airways Ltd. v Sabena, Belgian World Airlines (731 F.2d 909, 937 (D.C. Cir. 1984))
  case
- Animal Science Products, Inc. v Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical Co. (138 S. Ct. 1865, 1868 (2018))
  case
- Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa (482 U.S. 522, 543 and note 27 (1987).)
  case
- CP Construction Pioneers Baugesellschaft Anstalt v Government of the Republic of Ghana (578 F. Supp. 2d 50, 54 (D.D.C. 2008), amending 578 F. Supp. 2d 48)
  case
- Fertilizer Corp. of India v IDI Management, Inc. (517 F. Supp. 948, 962 (S.D. Ohio 1981))
  case
- Masdar Solar & Wind Cooperatief U.A. v Kingdom of Spain (397 F. Supp. 3d 34, 40 (D.D.C. 2019))
  case
- DRC, Inc. v Republic of Honduras (774 F. Supp. 2d 66, 76 (D.D.C. 2011).)
  case
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3; Articles V and VI
  treaty
- United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; 28 USC Section 1605(a)(6)
  statute
Official United States court record
14 days later · 14 days
4 December 2020Netherlands
4 December 2020Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 4 December 2020
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Refused to suspend enforcement or require security pending cassation.
Supporting details
3 authorities
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
3
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Article 1066
  statute
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95
  treaty
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1511)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
4 months and 10 days later · 131 days
14 April 2021United Kingdom
14 April 2021United Kingdom
Judgment of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 14 April 2021
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Refused to lift the stay and refused requested security while Russia's state-immunity challenge and Dutch cassation remained unresolved.
Supporting details
12 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
12
- Peterson Farms Inc. v C & M Farming Ltd ([2003] EWHC 2298 (QB), paragraph 30)
  case
- X v Y ([2013] EWHC 1104 (Comm), paragraph 32)
  case
- Gold Reserve Inc. v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ([2016] EWHC 153 (Comm), paragraph 12)
  case
- GPF GP Sarl v Republic of Poland ([2018] EWHC 409 (Comm), paragraphs 63-70)
  case
- IPCO (Nigeria) Ltd v Nigerian National Petroleum Corp ([2017] UKSC 16, paragraph 43)
  case
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978; Sections 1 and 9
  statute
- United Kingdom Arbitration Act 1996; Sections 67, 70(7), 101-103 and 103(5)
  statute
- Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales
  rules
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3
  treaty
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1952)
  case
Official England and Wales court record
6 months and 22 days later · 205 days
5 November 2021Netherlands
5 November 2021Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 5 November 2021
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Quashed the challenged appellate judgments and remitted to Amsterdam on procedural-fraud treatment. Rejected the principal jurisdiction objections. Do not describe this as a substantive finding that fraud occurred or as final annulment of the awards.
Supporting details
6 authorities
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
6
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Former Articles 1064, 1065(1)(e) and 1068; Article 130(1)
  statute
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 1, 21, 26 and 45
  treaty
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331
  treaty
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2018:2476)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
5 months and 8 days later · 159 days
13 April 2022United States
13 April 2022United States
Memorandum opinion of United States District Court for the District of Columbia dated 13 April 2022
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Decision summary
Russia's further stay request denied; shareholders' related security request denied as moot.
Supporting details
21 authorities
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Authorities cited
21
- Dietz v Bouldin (579 U.S. 40, 47 (2016))
  case
- Landis v North American Co. (299 U.S. 248, 254-255 (1936))
  case
- Bledsoe v Crowley (849 F.2d 639, 645 (D.C. Cir. 1988))
  case
- Air Line Pilots Association v Miller (523 U.S. 866, 879 note 6 (1998))
  case
- Securities and Exchange Commission v Dresser Industries, Inc. (628 F.2d 1368, 1375 (D.C. Cir. 1980).)
  case
- Belize Social Development Ltd. v Government of Belize (668 F.3d 724, 732-733 (D.C. Cir. 2012))
  case
- Europcar Italia, S.p.A. v Maiellano Tours, Inc. (156 F.3d 310, 317 (2d Cir. 1998))
  case
- LLC SPC Stileks v Republic of Moldova (985 F.3d 871, 880-881 (D.C. Cir. 2021))
  case
- Clinton v Jones (520 U.S. 681, 706 (1997).)
  case
- Process & Industrial Developments Ltd. v Federal Republic of Nigeria (962 F.3d 576, 579, 584 (D.C. Cir. 2020), and 27 F.4th 771, 772, 775-776 (D.C. Cir. 2022))
  case
- Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela v Helmerich & Payne International Drilling Co. (137 S. Ct. 1312 (2017))
  case
- Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. v Republic of India (2022 WL 873620, at *4 (D.D.C. 24 March 2022).)
  case
- Getma International v Republic of Guinea (862 F.3d 45, 48 (D.C. Cir. 2017))
  case
- TermoRio S.A. E.S.P. v Electranta S.P. (487 F.3d 928, 935 (D.C. Cir. 2007))
  case
- Tatneft v Ukraine (21 F.4th 829, 838 (D.C. Cir. 2021))
  case
- King v Cessna Aircraft Co. (505 F.3d 1160, 1169 (11th Cir. 2007))
  case
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3; Article VI
  treaty
- United States Federal Arbitration Act; Chapter 2
  statute
- United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; 28 USC Section 1605(a)(6)
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Ltd. and others v Russian Federation (211 F. Supp. 3d 269 (D.D.C. 2016))
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Ltd. and others v Russian Federation (502 F. Supp. 3d 144 (D.D.C. 2020))
  case
Official United States court record
2 months and 15 days later · 76 days
28 June 2022Netherlands
28 June 2022Netherlands
Judgment of Court of Appeal of The Hague dated 28 June 2022
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Decision summary
Lifted attachments insofar as imposed against/under FKP and over specified product-design copyrights; otherwise refused lifting or suspension, leaving execution against Russia's relevant trademark rights available.
Supporting details
4 authorities
Court of Appeal of The Hague
Authorities cited
4
- Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property
  treaty
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1952; paragraph 4.20)
  case
- FKP Sojuzplodoimport v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:10708)
  case
- Judgment of The Hague Court of Appeal (ECLI:NL:GHSGR:2012:BX1515)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
3 months and 28 days later · 120 days
26 October 2022United Kingdom
26 October 2022United Kingdom
Judgment of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 26 October 2022
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Lifted the stay only to determine Russia's jurisdiction application; refused security.
Supporting details
6 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
6
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978; Sections 1 and 9
  statute
- United Kingdom Arbitration Act 1996; Section 103(5)
  statute
- Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales; Rule 3.1(3)
  rules
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2021] EWHC 894 (Comm); paragraph 221)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1645)
  case
Official England and Wales court record
1 month and 2 days later · 33 days
28 November 2022Netherlands
28 November 2022Netherlands
Judgment of District Court of The Hague dated 28 November 2022
District Court of The Hague
Decision summary
Refused the requested relief against the sale; awarded costs to HVY and the bailiff. Russia did not appear.
Supporting details
1 authority
District Court of The Hague
Authorities cited
1
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v FKP Sojuzplodoimport and Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2022:1159)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
5 months and 7 days later · 158 days
5 May 2023United Kingdom
5 May 2023United Kingdom
Order of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 5 May 2023
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Granted an unless/debarring order to control late factual and expert evidence and protect the listed hearing.
Supporting details
2 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
2
- Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales; Rule 32.10
  rules
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2022] EWHC 2690 (Comm))
  case
Official England and Wales court record
1 month and 8 days later · 39 days
13 June 2023United Kingdom
13 June 2023United Kingdom
Judgment of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 13 June 2023
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Claims for delivery up and Norwich Pharmacal relief failed; English forum was not shown to be clearly the most appropriate for the Dutch lawyer. Originally delivered privately, subsequently published without redaction. This concerns access to material for the AA226 enforcement/set-aside litigation.
Supporting details
8 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
8
- Mitsui & Co Ltd v Nexen Petroleum UK Ltd ([2005] EWHC 625 (Ch), [2005] 3 All ER 511, paragraph 21)
  case
- P v T Ltd ([1997] 1 WLR 1309)
  case
- Rugby Football Union v Consolidated Information Services Ltd ([2012] UKSC 55, [2012] 1 WLR 3333, paragraph 15)
  case
- AB Bank Ltd v Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank PJSC ([2017] 1 WLR 810, paragraph 5)
  case
- United Company Rusal plc v HSBC Bank plc ([2011] EWHC 404 (QB), paragraphs 6 and 150)
  case
- Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales
  rules
- Gunn v Diaz
  case
- UL v BK
  case
Official England and Wales court record
4 months and 19 days later · 141 days
1 November 2023United Kingdom
1 November 2023United Kingdom
Judgment of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 1 November 2023
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Dutch judgments precluded reargument of written agreement to arbitrate; State Immunity Act 1978 Section 9 applied; jurisdiction application dismissed.
Supporting details
11 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
11
- Carl Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner & Keeler Ltd (No. 2) ([1967] 1 AC 853)
  case
- DSV Silo-und Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH v Owners of The Sennar (No. 2) ([1985] 1 WLR 490)
  case
- Good Challenger Navegante SA v Metalexportimport SA ([2003] EWCA Civ 1668, [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 67)
  case
- Arnold v National Westminster Bank plc ([1991] 2 AC 93)
  case
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978; Sections 1 and 9
  statute
- United Kingdom Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982; Section 31
  statute
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Article 45
  treaty
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1645)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2021] EWHC 894 (Comm))
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2022] EWHC 2690 (Comm))
  case
Official England and Wales court record
1 November 2023United Kingdom
1 November 2023United Kingdom
Order of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 1 November 2023
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Refused permission to appeal at High Court level and gave directions to advance the remaining proceedings. Distinct from J33.
Supporting details
3 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
3
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2023] EWHC 2704 (Comm), [2024] KB 208)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (High Court of Justice, Commercial Court, CL-2015-000396, Consent Order, 8 June 2016)
  case
Official England and Wales court record
16 days later · 16 days
17 November 2023United States
17 November 2023United States
Memorandum opinion of United States District Court for the District of Columbia dated 17 November 2023
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Decision summary
Denied Russia's jurisdictional dismissal requests; rejected the relevant discovery/evidentiary requests; allowed the confirmation case to proceed. Vacated and remanded by J13. This was not a judgment confirming the awards.
Supporting details
23 authorities
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Authorities cited
23
- Gunn v Minton (568 U.S. 251, 256 (2013))
  case
- Kokkonen v Guardian Life Insurance Co. of America (511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994))
  case
- Johnson v Commission on Presidential Debates (869 F.3d 976, 980 (D.C. Cir. 2017))
  case
- Arpaio v Obama (797 F.3d 11, 19 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Lujan v Defenders of Wildlife (504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992).)
  case
- Creighton Ltd. v Government of the State of Qatar (181 F.3d 118, 121, 123 (D.C. Cir. 1999))
  case
- Phoenix Consulting, Inc. v Republic of Angola (216 F.3d 36, 40 (D.C. Cir. 2000))
  case
- Belize Social Development Ltd. v Government of Belize (794 F.3d 99, 102 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Chevron Corp. v Republic of Ecuador (795 F.3d 200 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- LLC SPC Stileks v Republic of Moldova (985 F.3d 871, 878-879 (D.C. Cir. 2021).)
  case
- First Options of Chicago, Inc. v Kaplan (514 U.S. 938, 942-943 (1995))
  case
- BG Group Plc v Republic of Argentina (572 U.S. 25 (2014))
  case
- Republic of Argentina v BG Group Plc (555 F. App'x 2, 3 (D.C. Cir. 2014))
  case
- Republic of Argentina v Weltover, Inc. (504 U.S. 607, 614 (1992).)
  case
- Al-Qarqani v Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (19 F.4th 794, 801-802 (5th Cir. 2021))
  case
- Al-Qarqani v Chevron Corp. (8 F.4th 1018, 1021, 1026 (9th Cir. 2021))
  case
- Animal Science Products, Inc. v Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical Co. (138 S. Ct. 1865, 1874 (2018))
  case
- Process & Industrial Developments Ltd. v Federal Republic of Nigeria (27 F.4th 771, 775 (D.C. Cir. 2022).)
  case
- United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; 28 USC Sections 1330, 1604 and 1605(a)(6)
  statute
- United States Federal Arbitration Act; 9 USC Sections 202, 203 and 207
  statute
- United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; Rule 12(b)(1)
  rules
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3; Article I
  treaty
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 1(6), 1(7), 21, 26 and 45
  treaty
Official United States court record
3 months and 3 days later · 95 days
20 February 2024Netherlands
20 February 2024Netherlands
Judgment of Court of Appeal of Amsterdam dated 20 February 2024
Court of Appeal of Amsterdam
Decision summary
Rejected Russia's fraud-based set-aside and document-production claims; reversed the 2016 judgment. Fraud ground was raised contrary to proper procedural conduct; additional reasons also addressed the allegations.
Supporting details
6 authorities
Court of Appeal of Amsterdam
Authorities cited
6
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Articles 130(1), 843a and former 1065(1)(e)
  statute
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1645; paragraphs 5.1.14-5.1.18)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2018:2476)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95
  treaty
Official Netherlands court record
1 month and 2 days later · 31 days
22 March 2024Netherlands
22 March 2024Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 22 March 2024
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Principal appeal dismissed under Article 81(1); conditional cross-appeal not reached. Separate from J26.
Supporting details
3 authorities
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
3
- Netherlands Judiciary Organisation Act; Article 81(1)
  statute
- FKP Sojuzplodoimport v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:10708)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v FKP Sojuzplodoimport and Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2022:1159)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
22 March 2024Netherlands
22 March 2024Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 22 March 2024
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Principal appeal dismissed. The 2021 limited remand did not revive the 2016 annulment on the rejected jurisdiction ground. Conditional cross-appeal not reached.
Supporting details
11 authorities
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
11
- Netherlands Judiciary Organisation Act; Article 81(1)
  statute
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2018:2476)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- FKP Sojuzplodoimport v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:10708)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1645)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v FKP Sojuzplodoimport and Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2022:1159)
  case
- Judgment of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (ECLI:NL:HR:1984:AG4866; paragraph 3.2)
  case
- Judgment of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (ECLI:NL:HR:1990:ZC0084)
  case
- Judgment of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (ECLI:NL:HR:1997:ZC2254; paragraph 3.8.3)
  case
- Judgment of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (ECLI:NL:HR:2014:2739; paragraph 3.6.2)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
10 months and 21 days later · 327 days
12 February 2025United Kingdom
12 February 2025United Kingdom
Judgment of Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Civil Division dated 12 February 2025
Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Civil Division
Decision summary
Appeal dismissed; ordinary issue-estoppel rules can establish facts relevant to the statutory immunity exception.
Supporting details
38 authorities
Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Civil Division
Authorities cited
38
- J. H. Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd v Department of Trade and Industry ([1989] Ch 72, 193-194, 252)
  case
- Shehabi v Kingdom of Bahrain ([2024] EWCA Civ 1158, paragraph 8)
  case
- Zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn v His Majesty Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon ([2022] EWCA Civ 1595, [2023] 1 WLR 1162, paragraphs 13 and 21.)
  case
- London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association Ltd v Kingdom of Spain (The Prestige, Nos. 3 and 4) ([2022] EWCA Civ 1589, paragraph 54)
  case
- Fang v Attorney General ([2023] UKPC 21, 26 ITELR 273, paragraph 170)
  case
- Alcom Ltd v Republic of Colombia ([1984] 1 AC 580, 600)
  case
- Argentum Exploration Ltd v Republic of South Africa ([2024] UKSC 16, [2024] 2 WLR 1259, paragraph 25.)
  case
- NML Capital Ltd v Republic of Argentina ([2011] UKSC 31, [2011] 2 AC 495)
  case
- Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy: Greece intervening) (ICJ Reports 2012, page 99.)
  case
- Hoysted v Federal Commissioner of Taxation ((1921) 29 CLR 537, 561)
  case
- Thoday v Thoday ([1964] P 181)
  case
- Duchess of Kingston's Case ((1776) 20 State Trials 355)
  case
- Mills v Cooper ([1967] 2 QB 459, 468-469.)
  case
- Associated Electric & Gas Insurance Services Ltd v European Reinsurance Co. of Zurich ([2003] UKPC 11, [2003] 1 WLR 1041, paragraphs 13-15)
  case
- PJSC National Bank Trust v Mints ([2022] EWHC 871 (Comm), [2022] 1 WLR 3099, paragraph 23(i).)
  case
- Good Challenger Navegante SA v Metalexportimport SA ([2003] EWCA Civ 1668, [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 67, paragraph 50)
  case
- Carl Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner & Keeler Ltd (No. 2) ([1967] 1 AC 853, 947)
  case
- DSV Silo-und Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH v Owners of The Sennar (No. 2) ([1985] 1 WLR 490, 499)
  case
- Desert Sun Loan Corp. v Hill ([1996] 2 All ER 847.)
  case
- Gol Linhas Aereas SA v MatlinPatterson Global Opportunities Partners (Cayman) II LLP ([2022] UKPC 21, [2023] Bus LR 1305, paragraph 36 and following discussion)
  case
- Yukos Capital Sarl v OJSC Rosneft Oil Co. (No. 2) ([2011] EWHC 1461 (Comm), [2012] 1 All ER (Comm) 479, paragraph 49.)
  case
- Arnold v National Westminster Bank plc ([1991] 2 AC 93)
  case
- New Brunswick Railway Co. v British and French Trust Corp. Ltd ([1939] AC 1, 21)
  case
- Czech Republic v Diag Human SE ([2024] EWHC 2102 (Comm), paragraph 224.)
  case
- Zhongshan Fucheng Investment Co Ltd v Federal Republic of Nigeria ([2023] EWCA Civ 867)
  case
- Denton v T. H. White Ltd ([2014] EWCA Civ 906, [2014] 1 WLR 3926)
  case
- Benkharbouche v Embassy of the Republic of Sudan ([2017] UKSC 62, [2019] AC 777, paragraph 19.)
  case
- Secretary of State for Employment v Globe Elastic Thread Co. Ltd ([1980] AC 506, 519)
  case
- Republic of Yemen v Aziz ([2005] EWCA Civ 745, [2005] ICR 1391)
  case
- Republic of India v Deutsche Telekom AG ([2023] SGCA(I) 10)
  case
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp v Merck KGaA ([2021] 1 SLR 1102)
  case
- BAZ v BBA ([2020] 5 SLR 266, paragraph 37.)
  case
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978; Sections 1-11, particularly Sections 1(2), 2 and 9
  statute
- United Kingdom Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982; Section 31
  statute
- United Kingdom Arbitration Act 1996; Sections 66, 67 and 70
  statute
- Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales; Rule 62.18
  rules
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 13, 26 and 45
  treaty
- UNCITRAL Secretariat Guide on the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958); United Nations, 2016; pages 2-3
  institutional-instrument
Official England and Wales court record
4 months and 15 days later · 135 days
27 June 2025United Kingdom
27 June 2025United Kingdom
Order of Supreme Court of the United Kingdom dated 27 June 2025
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Decision summary
No arguable point of law.
Supporting details
2 authorities
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Authorities cited
2
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978; Section 1
  statute
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Article 13(1)
  treaty
Official England and Wales court record
28 days later · 28 days
25 July 2025Singapore
25 July 2025Singapore
Judgment of Singapore International Commercial Court dated 25 July 2025
Singapore International Commercial Court
Decision summary
Rejected Russia's immunity position through transnational issue estoppel arising from Dutch decisions; reserved the question of additional enforcement objections. Includes Allsop IJ's concurrence. Formal orders on prayers 1-2 were made later in J40.
Supporting details
49 authorities
Singapore International Commercial Court
Authorities cited
49
- The Republic of India v Deutsche Telekom AG ([2024] 1 SLR 56)
  case
- Deutsche Telekom AG v The Republic of India ([2024] 3 SLR 1, paragraphs 42, 152-153, 172)
  case
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp v Merck KGaA ([2021] 1 SLR 1102)
  case
- Royal Bank of Scotland NV v TT International Ltd ([2015] 5 SLR 1104)
  case
- PAO Tatneft v Ukraine ([2021] 1 WLR 1123, paragraph 34.)
  case
- Benkharbouche v Embassy of the Republic of Sudan ([2019] AC 777)
  case
- Compania Naviera Vascongada v Steamship Cristina (The Cristina) ([1938] AC 485, 490)
  case
- Philippine Admiral (Owners) v Wallem Shipping (Hong Kong) Ltd ([1977] AC 373)
  case
- Trendtex Trading Corp. v Central Bank of Nigeria ([1977] QB 529)
  case
- Playa Larga (Owners of Cargo) v I Congreso del Partido ([1983] 1 AC 244)
  case
- Alcom Ltd v Republic of Colombia ([1984] AC 580.)
  case
- Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB v Government of the Republic of Lithuania (No. 2) ([2007] QB 886, paragraphs 117, 121, 123)
  case
- General Dynamics United Kingdom Ltd v State of Libya ([2022] AC 318, paragraph 183)
  case
- Dallah Real Estate and Tourism Holding Co. v Ministry of Religious Affairs, Government of Pakistan ([2011] AC 763)
  case
- Paklito Investment Ltd v Klockner East Asia Ltd ([1993] 2 HKLR 39, 48)
  case
- Mighell v Sultan of Johore ([1894] 1 QB 149, 162-163.)
  case
- Fang v Attorney General (26 ITELR 273, paragraph 170)
  case
- J. H. Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd v Department of Trade and Industry ([1989] Ch 72, 194, 252)
  case
- Jones v Ministry of the Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ([2007] 1 AC 270, paragraph 13)
  case
- Belhaj v Straw ([2017] AC 964, paragraph 179)
  case
- London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association Ltd v Kingdom of Spain ([2022] 1 WLR 3434, paragraph 54)
  case
- Zhongshan Fucheng Investment Co Ltd v Federal Republic of Nigeria ([2023] EWCA Civ 867.)
  case
- Good Challenger Navegante SA v Metalexportimport SA ([2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 67)
  case
- Carl Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner & Keeler Ltd (No. 2) ([1967] 1 AC 853)
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- Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd ((1998) 194 CLR 395, paragraph 56)
  case
- R (Kadhim) v Brent London Borough Council Housing Benefit Review Board ([2001] QB 955)
  case
- Thoday v Thoday ([1964] P 181)
  case
- Baker v The Queen ([1975] AC 774, 788)
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- National Enterprises Ltd v Racal Communications Ltd ([1975] Ch 397, 406)
  case
- Markisic v Commonwealth of Australia ((2007) 69 NSWLR 737, paragraph 56.)
  case
- Associated Electric & Gas Insurance Services Ltd v European Reinsurance Co. of Zurich ([2003] 1 WLR 1041, paragraph 15)
  case
- PT First Media TBK v Astro Nusantara International BV ([2014] 1 SLR 372)
  case
- Sanum Investments Ltd v Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic ([2016] 5 SLR 536, paragraphs 41-42)
  case
- Jiangsu Overseas Group Co. Ltd v Concord Energy Pte Ltd ([2016] 4 SLR 1336, paragraph 48)
  case
- CLQ v CLR ([2022] 3 SLR 145, paragraph 28.)
  case
- Republic of Yemen v Aziz ([2005] ICR 1391)
  case
- Chip Hup Hup Kee Construction Pte Ltd v Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Co Ltd ([2010] 1 SLR 658)
  case
- Koh Zhan Quan Tony v Public Prosecutor ([2006] 2 SLR(R) 830)
  case
- Yong Vui Kong v Public Prosecutor ([2010] 3 SLR 489, paragraph 89)
  case
- Chung Chi Cheung v The King ([1939] AC 160, 167-168)
  case
- Attorney-General v Au Wai Pang ([2015] 2 SLR 352, paragraph 18)
  case
- Cassell & Co. Ltd v Broome ([1972] AC 1027, 1054.)
  case
- Singapore State Immunity Act 1979; 2020 Revised Edition; Sections 3 and 11(1)
  statute
- Singapore International Arbitration Act 1994; 2020 Revised Edition; Sections 29 and 31
  statute
- Singapore Rules of Court 2021; Order 48 rule 6(2)
  rules
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95
  treaty
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3
  treaty
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2023] EWHC 2704 (Comm), [2024] KB 208)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation ([2025] EWCA Civ 108)
  case
Official Singapore court record
11 days later · 11 days
5 August 2025United States
5 August 2025United States
Opinion of United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit dated 5 August 2025
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Decision summary
Vacated and remanded. Court must determine the existence of an arbitration agreement independently; investor-status/scope objections are not jurisdictional under circuit precedent. Left foreign-judgment preclusion for initial determination below; invited U.S. government views. Rao opinion; Wilkins concurrence; Srinivasan also on panel.
Supporting details
37 authorities
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
Authorities cited
37
- Process & Industrial Developments Ltd. v Federal Republic of Nigeria (962 F.3d 576, 581 (D.C. Cir. 2020))
  case
- Kilburn v Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (376 F.3d 1123, 1127 (D.C. Cir. 2004).)
  case
- Creighton Ltd. v Government of the State of Qatar (181 F.3d 118, 121, 123-124 (D.C. Cir. 1999))
  case
- Saudi Arabia v Nelson (507 U.S. 349, 355 (1993))
  case
- Argentine Republic v Amerada Hess Shipping Corp. (488 U.S. 428, 443 (1989))
  case
- Verlinden B.V. v Central Bank of Nigeria (461 U.S. 480, 488-489 (1983).)
  case
- Chevron Corp. v Republic of Ecuador (795 F.3d 200, 204-206 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- LLC SPC Stileks v Republic of Moldova (985 F.3d 871, 877 and note 2, 878-879 (D.C. Cir. 2021))
  case
- Steel Co. v Citizens for a Better Environment (523 U.S. 83, 94 (1998))
  case
- Phoenix Consulting, Inc. v Republic of Angola (216 F.3d 36, 40 (D.C. Cir. 2000).)
  case
- Republic of Hungary v Simon (145 S. Ct. 480, 490 note 1 (2025))
  case
- NextEra Energy Global Holdings B.V. v Kingdom of Spain (112 F.4th 1088, 1101-1103 (D.C. Cir. 2024),)
  case
- Belize Social Development Ltd. v Government of Belize (794 F.3d 99, 102-103 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Henry Schein, Inc. v Archer & White Sales, Inc. (139 S. Ct. 524, 527-528 (2019))
  case
- First Options of Chicago, Inc. v Kaplan (514 U.S. 938, 942-943 (1995))
  case
- Granite Rock Co. v International Brotherhood of Teamsters (561 U.S. 287, 299-300 (2010).)
  case
- Aljabri v bin Salman (106 F.4th 1157, 1163 (D.C. Cir. 2024))
  case
- Doraleh Container Terminal SA v Republic of Djibouti (109 F.4th 608, 617 (D.C. Cir. 2024).)
  case
- New Hampshire v Maine (532 U.S. 742, 748-749 (2001))
  case
- National Association of Home Builders v Environmental Protection Agency (786 F.3d 34, 41 (D.C. Cir. 2015))
  case
- Gupta v Thai Airways International, Ltd. (487 F.3d 759, 765-767 (9th Cir. 2007))
  case
- Biton v Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority (412 F. Supp. 2d 1, 4-5 (D.D.C. 2005))
  case
- Mortimer Off Shore Services, Ltd. v Federal Republic of Germany (No. 10-cv-11551, 2012 WL 1067648, at *10-11 (D. Mass. 28 March 2012).)
  case
- Rose v Himely (8 U.S. (4 Cranch) 241, 270-271 (1808))
  case
- Hilton v Guyot (159 U.S. 113, 163-167, 202-203 (1895))
  case
- Tahan v Hodgson (662 F.2d 862, 864-868 (D.C. Cir. 1981))
  case
- Donnelly v Federal Aviation Administration (411 F.3d 267, 270-271 (D.C. Cir. 2005).)
  case
- Phillips USA, Inc. v Allflex USA, Inc. (77 F.3d 354, 359-361 (10th Cir. 1996))
  case
- Cunard Steamship Co. v Salen Reefer Services AB (773 F.2d 452, 456-460 (2d Cir. 1985))
  case
- Hurst v Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (474 F. Supp. 2d 19, 33-36 (D.D.C. 2007))
  case
- Alfadda v Fenn (966 F. Supp. 1317, 1325-1332 (S.D.N.Y. 1997).)
  case
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 13, 26(3)(a) and 45(1)
  treaty
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3; 21 UST 2517; Article I
  treaty
- United States Federal Arbitration Act; 9 USC Section 207
  statute
- United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; 28 USC Section 1605(a)(6)
  statute
- United States Code, Title 28; Section 517
  statute
- Hulley Enterprises Ltd. and others v Russian Federation (2023 WL 8005099 (D.D.C. 17 November 2023); at *12-13, *16, *21 and note 20)
  case
Official United States court record
2 months and 12 days later · 73 days
17 October 2025Netherlands
17 October 2025Netherlands
Judgment of Supreme Court of the Netherlands dated 17 October 2025
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Decision summary
Appeal dismissed. Article 130(2) barred appeal against the procedural ruling under Article 130(1); corporate continuation objection also failed.
Supporting details
14 authorities
Supreme Court of the Netherlands
Authorities cited
14
- Dutch Code of Civil Procedure; Articles 130(1), 130(2) and former 1065(1)(e)
  statute
- Netherlands Judiciary Organisation Act; Article 81(1)
  statute
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Dutch Treaty Series 1995 No. 108
  treaty
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4229; English translation ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2016:4230)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2018:2476)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHDHA:2020:234)
  case
- Russian Federation v Hulley Enterprises Limited and others (ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1645)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited and others v Russian Federation (ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2024:351)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
- Yukos Universal Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-04/AA227, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Yukos Universal Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-04/AA227, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
- Veteran Petroleum Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-05/AA228, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Veteran Petroleum Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-05/AA228, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
Official Netherlands court record
1 month and 8 days later · 39 days
25 November 2025Singapore
25 November 2025Singapore
Order of Singapore International Commercial Court dated 25 November 2025
Singapore International Commercial Court
Decision summary
Dismissed prayers 1-2 of SUM 286, reserved prayers 3-5 and the postliminary issue, and held that appeal from the orders was an appeal on the merits for which permission was not required. The July reasons alone had not disposed of the application.
Supporting details
8 authorities
Singapore International Commercial Court
Authorities cited
8
- Hulley Enterprises Ltd and others v Russian Federation ([2025] SGHC(I) 19, especially paragraph 147.)
  case
- The Republic of India v Deutsche Telekom AG ([2024] 1 SLR 56)
  case
- Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic v Lao Holdings NV ([2024] SGHC(I) 9.)
  case
- Commodities Intelligence Centre Pte Ltd v Hoi Suen Logistics (HK) Ltd ([2022] 1 SLR 845, paragraphs 20-22.)
  case
- Luckin Coffee Inc v Interactive Digital Finance Ltd ([2024] SGHC(A) 7)
  case
- Singapore International Commercial Court Rules 2021; Order 21 rules 3, 20 and 21
  rules
- Singapore International Arbitration Act 1994; 2020 Revised Edition; Part 3
  statute
- Singapore Civil Procedure 2025; Volume II, annotations to the International Arbitration Act; pages 890-893
  commentary
Official Singapore court record
1 month and 18 days later · 48 days
12 January 2026United States
12 January 2026United States
Order of Supreme Court of the United States dated 12 January 2026
Supreme Court of the United States
Decision summary
Petition denied. Does not decide the merits or convert the remand into confirmation.
Official United States court record
1 month and 18 days later · 49 days
2 March 2026United Kingdom
2 March 2026United Kingdom
Judgment of High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court dated 2 March 2026
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Decision summary
Entitlement to enforcement of damages and associated compound interest upheld. Enforcement of the tribunal's costs award was withheld at this preliminary stage on assumed facts; HVY could contest those factual allegations at trial. This was not a final finding that all alleged misconduct occurred.
Supporting details
49 authorities
High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court
Authorities cited
49
- Cukurova Holding AS v Sonera Holding BV ([2014] UKPC 15, paragraphs 4, 64)
  case
- RBRG Trading (UK) Ltd v Sinocore International Co Ltd ([2018] EWCA Civ 838, paragraphs 25(1), 26(4))
  case
- Dallah Real Estate and Tourism Holding Co. v Ministry of Religious Affairs, Government of Pakistan ([2010] UKSC 46, paragraph 101)
  case
- Diag Human SE v Czech Republic ([2014] EWHC 1639 (Comm), paragraphs 12-13)
  case
- Carpatsky Petroleum Corp. v PJSC Ukrnafta (No. 2) ([2020] EWHC 769 (Comm), paragraph 40.)
  case
- Yukos Capital Sarl v OJSC Rosneft Oil Co. (No. 2) ([2012] EWCA Civ 855, paragraph 151)
  case
- Westacre Investments Inc. v Jugoimport-SPDR Holding Co. Ltd ([2000] QB 288, 305B-D, 306C-E)
  case
- Lemenda Trading Co. Ltd v African Middle East Petroleum Co. Ltd ([1988] QB 448, 459-461)
  case
- Alexander Brothers Ltd v Alstom Transport SA ([2020] EWHC 1584 (Comm), paragraphs 157-158)
  case
- Soleimany v Soleimany ([1999] QB 785.)
  case
- National Iranian Oil Co. v Crescent Petroleum Co. International Ltd ([2016] EWHC 510 (Comm), paragraphs 43, 48, 49(1)-(3))
  case
- Wilson v Hurstanger Ltd ([2007] EWCA Civ 299, [2007] 1 WLR 2351, [2007] 4 All ER 1118, paragraph 39)
  case
- Honeywell International Middle East Ltd v Meydan Group LLC ([2014] EWHC 1344 (TCC), paragraphs 183-185.)
  case
- Mahesan v Malaysia Government Officers' Co-operative Housing Society Ltd ([1979] AC 374)
  case
- Panama and South Pacific Telegraph Co. v India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Co. ((1875) LR 10 Ch App 515, 527, 532-533)
  case
- Betamax Ltd v State Trading Corp. ([2021] UKPC 14, paragraphs 47-49, 52.)
  case
- Johnson v Gore Wood & Co. ([2002] 2 AC 1, 30-31)
  case
- Gater Assets Ltd v Nak Naftogaz Ukrainiy (No. 2) ([2008] EWHC 237 (Comm), paragraph 41)
  case
- Stati v Republic of Kazakhstan ([2017] EWHC 1348 (Comm), paragraph 11(3))
  case
- IPCO (Nigeria) Ltd v Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. ([2005] EWHC 726 (Comm), paragraph 13.)
  case
- Elektrim SA v Vivendi Universal SA ([2007] EWHC 11 (Comm), paragraph 67)
  case
- Federal Republic of Nigeria v Process & Industrial Developments Ltd ([2023] EWHC 2638 (Comm), paragraph 477)
  case
- Celtic Bioenergy Ltd v Knowles Ltd ([2017] EWHC 472 (TCC), paragraph 69)
  case
- RAV Bahamas Ltd v Therapy Beach Club Inc. ([2021] UKPC 8, paragraph 34)
  case
- Profilati Italia Srl v PaineWebber Inc. ([2001] 1 Lloyd's Rep 715, paragraph 17)
  case
- Secretary of State for the Home Department v Raytheon Systems Ltd ([2014] EWHC 4375 (TCC), paragraph 33(i).)
  case
- White Industries Australia Limited v Republic of India (Award, 30 November 2011, paragraph 7.6.8)
  case
- Churchill Mining Plc and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v Republic of Indonesia (ICSID ARB/12/14 and ARB/12/40, Award, 6 December 2016, paragraphs 507-508)
  case
- World Duty Free Company Ltd v Republic of Kenya (ICSID ARB/00/7, Award, 2006)
  case
- Everet v Williams (unreported, historical report identified in The European Magazine, May 1787, volume 11, page 360 and Law Quarterly Review, July 1893, page 197)
  case
- Holman v Johnson ((1775) 1 Cowp 341, 343)
  case
- Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (Belgium v Spain) (ICJ Reports 1970, page 3, paragraph 56.)
  case
- Astrovlanis Compania Naviera SA v Linard (The Gold Sky) ([1972] 2 Lloyd's Rep 187, 201)
  case
- Piermay Shipping Co. SA v Chester (The Michael) ([1979] 1 Lloyd's Rep 55, 86)
  case
- Favor Easy Management Ltd v Wu ([2010] EWCA Civ 1630)
  case
- Razeem v Desai ([2024] EWHC 689 (Ch), paragraph 44)
  case
- IPCO (Nigeria) Ltd v Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. ([2008] EWCA Civ 115, paragraphs 14-20)
  case
- Star Hydro Power Ltd v National Transmission and Despatch Co. Ltd ([2025] EWCA Civ 928, paragraph 56)
  case
- Double K Oil Products 1996 Ltd v Neste Oil OYJ ([2009] EWHC 3380 (Comm), paragraph 33)
  case
- Re Odyssey (London) Ltd v OIC Run-Off Ltd ([2001] Lloyd's Rep IR 1.)
  case
- United Kingdom Arbitration Act 1996; Sections 101, 103(3), 103(5) and 68(2)(g)
  statute
- United Kingdom State Immunity Act 1978
  statute
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards; 10 June 1958, 330 UNTS 3
  treaty
- Energy Charter Treaty; 17 December 1994, 2080 UNTS 95; Articles 13, 17, 21 and 26
  treaty
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Interim Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 30 November 2009)
  case
- Hulley Enterprises Limited v Russian Federation (PCA Case No. 2005-03/AA226, Final Award, 18 July 2014)
  case
- Re H (Minors) (Sexual Abuse: Standard of Proof)
  case
- Henderson v Henderson
  case
- Ladd v Marshall
  case
Official England and Wales court record

Hulley Enterprises Limited

Russian Federation

Institution

Hulley Enterprises Limited

Russian Federation

Institution

District Court of The Hague

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

Court of Appeal of The Hague

Court of Appeal of The Hague

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

District Court of The Hague

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

Court of Appeal of The Hague

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

District Court of The Hague

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

Court of Appeal of Amsterdam

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Civil Division

Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Singapore International Commercial Court

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

Supreme Court of the Netherlands

Singapore International Commercial Court

High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Commercial Court